The spirit of Bushido, or the way of the warrior, encompasses a set of ethical and moral principles that guided the samurai class in feudal Japan. These principles are often cited in modern Budo, Japanese ethics discourse, and various interpretations of samurai culture.
Gi | 義 | Rectitude, Justice
Gi (義) means righteousness, as in fighting with honor, using the sword only for just causes, and the unwavering commitment to doing what is morally right, even under adversity. It represents sound judgment and integrity in action.
Yu | 勇 | Courage
Yu (勇) means courage, as in facing battle with bravery, never hesitating; not reckless bravado, but rational and purposeful bravery grounded in moral conviction. It denotes acting despite fear to uphold duty and principle.
Jin | 仁 | Compassion or Benevolence
Jin (仁) means compassion, as in using the sword to protect rather than harm, with an obligation to show mercy, empathy, and kindness, particularly from a position of strength. Samurai were expected to use their capabilities to protect and support others.
Rei | 礼 | Respect, Courtesy
Rei (礼) means respect, as in maintaining courtesy toward opponents and teachers while using refined manners and having propriety and respect for all individuals. This includes disciplined behavior that cultivates harmony and minimizes unnecessary conflict.
Makoto | 誠 | Honesty, Sincerity
Makoto (誠) means honesty, as in acting truthfully and never deceiving in combat, along with truthfulness in word and action. A samurai’s spoken commitment was expected to be absolute; deception in personal conduct was seen as dishonorable.
Meiyo | 名誉 | Honor
Meiyo (名誉) means honor, as in keeping one’s reputation and name pure, with a deep internalization of ethical dignity and self-worth. Honor determines reputation, but more importantly, it guides a samurai to be accountable to themselves.
Chugi | 忠義 | Loyalty
Chugi (忠義) means faithful devotion to lord, family, and duty. This includes steadfast service and the willingness to place responsibility above personal interest.
